CLEAN AND UNCLEAN FISH LIST

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            CLEAN FISH
A’awa (Bodianus Albotaeniatus)
Anchovy (Family: Engraulidae)
Anemonefish* (Family: Pomacentridae, Genus: Amphiprion and Premnas)
*Anemonefish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Ama’ama (Mugil Cephalus)
Amberjack (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Seriola)
Angelfish* (Family: Cichlidae, Genus: Pterophyllum)
*Angelfish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Arowana (Ostioglossidae)
Awa (Ava) (Chanos Chanos)
Aweoweo (Heteropriacanthus and Priacanthus Meeki)
Balao (Baleo Halfbeak)* (Hemiramphus Balao)
*Balao are small fish, typically used as bait fish, and are not commonly eaten.
Ballyhoo (Ballyhoo Halfbeak, Balahu)* (Hemiramphus Brasiliensis)
*Ballyhoo Halfbeak have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Banana Fish (Elops Hawaiensis, Elops Machnata, and Pterocaesio Digramma)
Bangús (Chanos Chanos)
Bannerfish (Family: Chaetodontidae)
Barbu (Polydactylus Virginicus)
Barracuda* (Family: Sphyraenidae, Genus: Sphyraena)
*Giant / Great Barracuda (Sphyraena Barracuda) have been implicated in cases of
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Barramundi* (Lates Calcarifer)
*Nile Perch (Lates Niloticus) are often mislabeled as Barramudi and are clean.
Bass* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Order: Cichliformes and Perciformes)
*Caribbean Blue Bass (Serranus Tortugarum) are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
*Brindlebass (Epinephelus Lanceolatus) are unclean.
Bastard Dory* (Danio Rerio)
*Bastard Dory have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Batfish (Family: Catostomidae and Ephippidae)
Bergall (Tautogolabrus Adspersus)
Bigeye* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Priacanthidae)
*Bigeye Jack (Caranx Sexfasciatus), Bigeye Lightfish (Woodsia Nonsuchae), Bigeye Trevalle
(Caranx Latus and Caranx Sexfasciatus), and Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus) are unclean.
Bigscale (Family: Melamphaidae)
Blackfish (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Family: Centrolophidae,
Cyprinidae, Dishistiidae, Escosidae, Kyphosidae, and Serranidae)
Blacksmith (Chromis Punctipinnis)
Blanquillo (Malacanthus Latovittatus)
Bloater (Coregonus Hoyi)
Bluebottle Fish (Nomeus Gronovii)
Bluefish (Pomatomus Saltatrix)
Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus)
Blue Groper (Family: Labridae, Genus: Achoerodus)
Bobo (Family: Polynemidae, Genus: Polydactylus)
Boga* (Haemulon Vittatum)
*Boga are small fish, typically used as bait fish, and are not commonly eaten.
Bonefish (Albula Vulpes)
Boneytongue (Ostioglossidae)
Boston Bluefish (Pollachius Virens)
Bowfin (Amia Calva)
Bream* (Family: Bramidae, Sebastidae, and Sparidae)
*Certain Bream have been known to be carriers of a toxin in the fish’s organs that,
if consumed, causes Ichthyoallyeinotoxism – a rare food poisoning resulting in
upset stomach, vomiting, disturbed sleep, nightmares, and hallucinations.
Avoid eating the internal organs of this fish, as with all fish.
Buffalo (Catostomus Bubalus)
Bulleye (Bullseye) (Family: Priacanthidae)
Bunker (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Brevoortia and Ethmidium)
Butterfish* (Family: Stromateoidei)
*Escolar, an unclean fish, has been mislabeled and sold as Butterfish.
Butterfly-Cod* (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois)
*Butterfly-Cod have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Butterfly Fish* (Family: Chaetodontidae)
*Butterfly-Cod (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois) are clean.
Cabrilla* (Serranus Cabrilla)
*Flag Cabrilla (Epinephelus Labriformis) and Spotted Cabrilla (Epinephelus Analogus) are unclean.
Candlefish* (Thaleichthys Pacificus)
*Candlefish are often sold as ‘Dried Candlefish,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts,
tail, and all. Fish should not be consumed whole.
Capelin (Caplin)* (Mallotus Villosus)
*Capelin are often sold as ‘Dried Capelin,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts, tail,
and all. Fish should not be consumed whole.
Cardinalfish (Family: Epigonidae)
Carp* (Family: Cyprinidae)
*Leather Carp and Mirror Carp are scaleless or partially-scaled mutations of Common
Carp and are unclean.
Carpsucker (Family: Castostomidae, Genus: Carpides)
Catalufa (Family: Priacanthidae)
Caviar (Fish Eggs, Roe)* Clean Caviar is from clean fish and is typically colored gold, orange, or red.
(e.g.: Capelin, Herring, Mullet, Salmon, Trout, and Whitefish)
*Unclean Caviar is from unclean fish and is typically colored black or gray.
(e.g.: Beluga, Kaluga, Ossetra, Sterlet, and Sturgeon)
*Caviar is from clean fish, but is contaminated and made unclean when is is dyed with
squid ink to blacken its color. (eg.: Black Capelin Caviar or Black Herring Caviar)
Char (Charr) (Salvelinus Alpinus)
Chilipepper (Chilipepper Rockfish) (Sebastes Goodei)
Chilean Seabass (Chilean Sea Bass) (Family: Notothenildae, Genus: Dissostichus)
Chinamanfish* (Symphorus Nematophorus)
*Chinamanfish, a species of Snapper, have been implicated in
cases of ciguatera poisoning.
*Australia has banned the sale of Chinamanfish.
Chinook (Chinook Salmon) (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha)
Chiro (Elops Saurus)
Chogset (Chog’set) (Tautogolabrus Adspersus)
Chub (Chup)* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Centrolophus Niger,
Coregonus Artedi, Coregonus Hoyi, and Tautoga Onitis) and others in (Family: Cyprinidae
and Kyphosidae)
*Chub Mackerel (Scomber Japonicus) and Spotted Chub Mackerel (Scomber Australasicus)
are unclean.
Chubbuyu (Cubbyu) (Equetus Umbrosus)
Cichlid* (Family: Cichlidae)
*Many Cichlids are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Cigarfish* (Decapterus Punctatus and Family: Nomeidae, Genus: Cubiceps)
*Mackerel Scad (Decapterus Marcarellus), sometimes called Cigarfish, are unclean.
Cisco (Family: Salmonidae, Genus: Coregonus)
Clownfish* (Family: Pomacentridae, Subfamily: Amphiprioninae)
*Clownfish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Coalfish (Pollachius Virens)
Cobina (Corbie) (Menticirrhus Undulatus)
Cod (Codling)** (Common Name) applied to applied to several species of fish including: (Family:
Butidae, Euclichthyidae, Gadidae, Moridae, Nototheniidae, and Percichthyidae)
*Butterfly-Cod (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois) and Idiot Cod (Family: Sebastidae,
Genus: Sebastolobus) are clean. Haddock (Melanogrammus Aeglefinus) and Whiting
(Merlangius Merlangius) are sometimes sold as Cod and are clean.
*Freshwater / River Cod and Lingcod (Family: Lotidae), Buffalo Cod / Cutlass Cod / Ling
Cod (Ophiodon Elongatus), Coral Cod / Reef Cod / Rock Cod (Lotella Rhacina), Eel Cod
(Family: Muraenolepididae), Potato Cod (Epinephelus Tukula), and Red Rock Cod
(Scorpaena Papillosa) are unclean.
*Cod and related species are plagued by numerous parasites including Acanthocephalans,
Cestodes, Copepods, Digeneans, Monogeneans, Myxozoans, Nematodes, and
Protozoans in their skin and scales. Avoid eating the skin and scales of this fish, as with all fish.
*Winter Cod (Microgadus Tomcod) are resistant to toxic pollutants and store these toxins
in their fat cells, primarily in their skin. Avoid eating the skin of this fish, as with all fish.
Comber (Family: Serranidae, Genus: Serranus)
Coralfish (Family: Chaetodontidae)
Corvina (Family: Sciaenidae)
Coley (Pollachius Virens)
Cottonwick (Family: Haemulidae, Genus: Haemulon)
Crappie (Family: Centrarchidae, Genus: Pomoxis)
Croaker (Family: Sciaenidae)
Cubehead (Family: Nomeidae, Genus: Cubiceps)
Cubbyu (Pareques Acuminatus)
Cunner (Tautogolabrus Adspersus)
Cutthroat Trout (Family: Salmonidae)
Dace** (Family: Cyprinidae)
*Dace are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
*Moapa Dace (Moapa Coriacea) are unclean.
Damselfish (Family: Pomacentridae)
Dart** (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Trachinotus) and (Family: Gobiidae, Genus: Nemateleotris)
*Dart (Family: Gobiidae, Genus: Nemateleotris) are small fish, typically sold for aquariums,
and are not commonly eaten.
*Giant Dart (Scomberoides Lysan) are unclean.
Darter* (Family: Percidae)
*Darter are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Doctorfish (Doctor Fish) (Family: Acanthuridae and Cyprindae)
Dolly Varden (Salvelinus Malma)
Dolphinfish* (Family: Coryphaenidae, Genus: Coryphaena)
*Dolphin (Order: Artiodactyla, Infraorder: Cetacea) aquatic marine mammals are unclean.
Double Scalare* (Danio Rerio)
*Double Scalare have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Dragonfish (Dragon Fish)* (Polypterus Senegalus and Scleropages Formosus)
*Dragonfish (Family: Pegasidae and Stomiidae) are unclean.
Driftfish (Family: Nomeidae)
Drum (Family: Scianidae)
Eulachon* (Thaleichthys Pacificus)
*Eulachon are often sold as ‘Dried Eulachon,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts,
tail, and all. Fish should not be consumed whole.
Fallfish (Semotilus Corporalis)
Fathead (Family: Nomeidae, Genus: Cubiceps)
Feeler Fish (Family: Ipnopidae, Genus: Bathypterois)
Firefish (Fire Fish)* (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois)
*Firefish (Nemateleotris Magnifica) are unclean.
Flying Fish (Family: Exocoetidae)
Frostfish* (Microgadus Tomcod and Family: Trichiuridae)
*Frostfish are resistant to toxic pollutants and store these toxins in their fat cells.
Fusillier (Family: Caesionidae)
Garibaldi (Hypsypops Rubicundus)
Gefilte Fish (Common Name) A poached stuffed fish mixture of ground deboned fish: carp, pike, or whitefish.
Girella (Family: Kyphosidae, Genus: Girella)
Glasseye (Family: Priacanthidae, Genus: Heteropriacanthus)
Goatfish* (Family: Mullidae)
*Certain Goatfish have been known to be carriers of a toxin in the fish’s brain that,
if consumed, causes Ichthyoallyeinotoxism – a rare food poisoning resulting in upset
stomach, vomiting, disturbed sleep, nightmares, and hallucinations. Avoid eating near
the head region of this fish.
Goldeye (Hiodon Alosoides)
Goldfish* (Carassius Auratus)
*Goldfish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
*Common Goldfish have been known to grow to a much larger size in the wild.
Gourami (Family: Osphronemidae)
Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus and Thymallus Thymallus)
Grenadier (Family: Macrouridae)
Groper (Family: Labridae)
Grunion (Family: Atherinopsinae, Genus: Leuresthes)
Grunt* (Family: Haemulidae)
*Grunt-Fish / Grunt Sculpin (Rhamphocottus Richardsonii) and Grunt Porkfish
(Anisotremus Taeniatus and Anisotremus Virginicus) are unclean.
Grunter (Family: Terapontidae)
Haddock* (Melanogrammus Aeglefinus)
*Jerusalem Haddock (Family: Lampridae, Genus: Lampris) are unclean.
Hake (Hoki) (Family: Gadidae, Merlucciidae, and Phycidae)
Halfbeak* (Family: Hemiramphidae)
*Ballyhoo Halfbeak (Hemiramphus Brasiliensis) have been implicated in cases of
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Halfmoon (Medialuna Californiensis)
Hamlet* (Family: Serranidae, Genus: Hypoplectrus)
*Mutton Hamlet (Family: Serranidae, Genus: Alphestes and Dermatolepis) are unclean.
Harvestfish (Peprilus Paru)
Hawkfish (Family: Cirrhitidae)
Herring* (Family: Clupeidae, Denticipitidae, and Dussumieriidae)
*Herring Scad (Alpes Vari) are unclean.
Hogfish (Family: Labridae, Genus: Bodianus and Lachnolaimus)
Hooligan* (Thaleichthys Pacificus)
*Hooligan are often sold as ‘Dried Hooligan,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts,
tail, and all. Fish should not be consumed whole.
Idiot Fish (Idiot Cod) (Family: Sebastidae, Genus: Sebastolobus)
Jack-Rash (Family: Elopidae)
Jacksmelt (Atherinopsis Californiensis)
Javelin Fish (Lepidorhynchus Denticulatus)
Jewelfish* (Family: Cichlidae, Genus: Hemichromis)
*Jewelfish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Jewfish* (Glaucosoma Hebraicum)
*Jewfish (Epinephelus Itajara and Tandanus Tandanus) are unclean.
Jobfish (Family: Lutjanidae)
Kākū (Family: Sphyraenidae, Genus: Sphyraena)
Kelpfish (Family: Chironemidae and Clinidae)
Killifish* (Order: Cyprinodontiformes)
*Killifish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums or bait, and are not commonly eaten.
Kingfish* (Common Name) applied to applied to several species of fish including: Northern Kingfish
(Menticirrhus Saxatilis) and Southern Kingfish (Menticirrhus Americanus)
*Black Kingfish (Rachycentron Canadum), Bluefin Kingfish (Caranx Melampygus), Giant
Kingfish (Caranx Ignobilis), Golden Kingfish (Gnathanodon Speciosus), Kingfish (Family:
Lampridae, Genus: Lamprus), and King Mackerel (Scomberomorus Cavalla) are unclean.
Kiyi (Coregonus Kiyi)
Koi (Family: Cyprinidae, Genus: Cyprinus)
Ladyfish (Family: Elopidae)
Lafayette (Leiostomus Xanthurus)
Lake Trout (Family: Salmonidae)
Lanternbelly (Family: Acropomatidae)
Lanternfish (Family: Myctophidae)
Lionfish* (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois)
*Lionfish have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Mackerel Pike* (Family: Scomberesocidae, Genus: Cololabis and Scomberesox)
*Mackerel (Family: Scombridae), Horse and Jack Mackerel (Family: Carangidae), Mackerel
Scad (Decapterus Macarellus), and Snake Mackerel (Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum) are
unclean.
Man-of-War Fish* (Nomeus Gronovii)
*Man-of-War (Family: Physaliidae, Genus: Physalia) marine hydrozoan are unclean.
Mahi-Mahi (Mahamahi) (Coryphaena Hippurus)
Malay (Rachycentron Canadum)
Mandarinfish (Manderin Fish)* (Siniperca Scherzeri)
*Manderinfish (Synchiropus Splendidus and Synciropus Picturatus) are unclean
Maomao (Carprodon Longimanus and Scorpis Violacea)
Margate (Anisotremus Surinamenses and Haemulon Album)
Medusafish (Medusa Fish)* (Family: Centrolophidae)
*Medusa Jellyfish (Phylum: Snidaria, Subphylum: Medusozoa) are unclean.
Menhaden (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Brevoortia and Ethmidium)
Menpachi (Family: Holocentridae, Subfamily: Holocentrinae and Myripristinae)
Milkfish (Chanos Chanos)
Minnow (Family: Cyprinidae)
Mojarra (Family: Gerreidae)
Mooneye (Family: Hiodontidae, Genus: Hiodon)
Moonfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Ephippidae and Poeciliidae)
*Moonfish (Family: Carangidae, Lampridae, Lotidae, Menidae, and Monodactylidae) are
unclean.
Moonlighter (Tilodon Sexfasciatus)
Mora (Mora Moro)
Mossbunker (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Brevoortia and Ethmidium)
Mouthbrooder (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Chichlidae)
Mullet* (Family: Mugilidae)
*Mullet Snapper (Lutjanus Aratus) are clean.
Muskellunge (Esox Masquinongy)
Musselcracker (Cymatoceps Nasutus and Spardon Durbanensis)
Muttonfish* Mutton Snapper (Lutjanus Analis)
*Mutton Hamlet (Family: Serranidae) are unclean.
Northern Pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus Oregonesis)
Notothen (Family: Nototheniidae)
Old Wife* (Danio Rerio)
*Old Wife have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Oolichan (Ooligan)* (Thaleichthys Pacificus)
*Oolichan are often sold as ‘Dried Oolichan,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts,
tail, and all. Oolichan should not be consumed whole.
Opaleye (Girella Nigricans)
Pacu (Family: Serrasalmidae)
Paradise (Paradise Fish) (Family: Polynemidae, Genus: Polynemus).
Parrotfish (Family: Scaridae)
Pavon (Family: Chichlidae, Genus: Chichla)
Peacock Bass (Family: Chichlidae, Genus: Chichla)
Perch* (Family: Percidae, Genus: Perca, and Sander)
*Some fish called Perch are classified under Seaperch (Family: Sabastidae and Serrindae),
Perchlet (Family: Perchichthyidae, Genus: Nannatherina), Surfperch (Family:
Embiotocidae), and Temperate Perch (Family: Percichthyidae) and are clean.
Perchlet (Family: Ambassidae and Perchichthyidae)
Permit (Trachinotus Falcatus)
Pickerel (Family: Esocidae, Genus: Esox)
Pigfish* (Bodianus Unimaculatus and Orthopristis Chrysoptera)
*Pigfish (Family: Cogiopodidae) are unclean.
Pike* (Family: Esocidae, Genus: Esox)
*Mackerel Pike (Family: Scomberesocidae) are clean.
Pikeminnow (Family: Cyprinidae, Genus: Ptychocheilus)
Pilchard (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Sardina and Sardinops)
Pilot Fish (Naucrates Ductor)
Pinfish* (Diplodus Holbrookii and Lagodon Rhomboides)
*Pinfish are commonly used as bait fish and are not typically consumed.
Pinjalo (Family: Lutjanidae, Genus: Pinjalo)
Platyfish (Platy)* (Family: Poeciliidae, Genus Xiphophorus)
*Platyfish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Podley (Pollachius Virens)
Pollock (Family: Gadidae, Genus: Pollachius)
Pomfret (Family: Bramidae)
Pompano (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Trachinotus)
Porgy* (Family: Ephippidae and Sparidae)
*Certain Porgy have been known to be carriers of a toxin in the fish’s organs that, if
consumed, causes Ichthyoallyeinotoxism – a rare food poisoning resulting in upset
stomach, vomiting, disturbed sleep, nightmares, and hallucinations. Avoid eating the
internal organs of this fish, as with all fish.
Pupfish* (Family: Cyprinodontidae)
*Pupfish are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Queenfish* (Seriphus Politus)
*Queenfish (Scomberoides Lysan) are unclean.
Quillback (Carpiodes Cyprinus)
Rainbow Trout (Family: Salmonidae)
Rattail (Family: Macrouridae)
Redband Trout (Family: Salmonidae)
Redfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Berycidae, Lutjanidae,
Salmonidae, Sciaenidae and Sebastidae)
*Redfish (Family: Trachichthyidae) are unclean.
Ribaldo (Mora Moro)
Ribbon Fish (Equetus Umbrosus)
Ricefish* (Family: Adrianichthyidae)
*Ricefish are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Ridgehead (Family: Melamphaidae)
River Trout (Family: Salmonidae)
Roach (Rutilus Rutilus)
Robalo (Centropomus Undecimalis)
Rock Bass (Family: Centrarchidae, Genus: Ambloplites)
Rockfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Family: Sebastidae)
*Rockfish (Myliobatis Goodei), Rockfish (Genus: Acanthoclinus), Grouper (Subfamily:
Epinephelinae), Scorpionfish (Genus: Scorpaenidae) and Stonefish (Genus: Synanceia)
are unclean.
*Rock Eel / Salmon, a shark cuisine dish served in Britain, is unclean.
Roe (Caviar, Fish Eggs)* Clean Roe is from clean fish and is typically colored gold, orange, or red.
(e.g.: Capelin, Herring, Mullet, Salmon, Trout, and Whitefish)
*Unclean Roe is from unclean fish and is typically colored black or gray.
(e.g.: Beluga, Kaluga, Ossetra, Sterlet, and Sturgeon)
*Clean Roe is from clean fish, but is contaminated and made unclean when it is dyed with
squid ink to blacken its color. (eg.: Black Capelin Roe or Black Herring Roe)
Rosefish (Rose Fish) (Sebastes Norvegicus)
Round Robin* (Decapterus Punctatus)
*Sea Robin (Family: Triglidae) are unclean.
Rudderfish (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Family: Carangidae,
Centrolophidae, Ephippidae, and Kyphosidae)
Ruff (Ruffe) (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Arrpis Georgianis and
Family: Centrolophidae, Genus: Schedophilus)
Sablefish (Anoplopoma Fimbria)
Sailfin* (Parexocoetus Brachypterus, Poecilia Latipinna, and Zebrasoma Veliferum)
*Sailfin (Arctoscopus Japonicus and Family: Loricariidae, Genus: Pterygoplichthys) are
unclean.
Saithe (Pollachius Virens)
Salmon* (Family: Gonorynchidae and Salmonidae)
*Black Salmon (Rachycentron Canadum) and Rock Salmon, a shark cuisine dish served in
Britain, are unclean.
Sander (Family: Percidae, Genus: Sander)
Sandfish (Sand Fish)* (Labeo Seeberi, Serranus Subligarius, Family: Gonorynchidae and
Leptoscopidae)
*Sandfish (Awaous Tajasica and Family: Trichodontidae) are unclean.
Sardine (Family: Clupeidae and Dussumieriidae)
Sardinella (Family: Clupidae, Genus: Sardinella)
Sargo (Family: Haemulidae and Sparidae)
Sawtail* (Family: Acanthuridae, Genus: Prionurus).
*Sawtail are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Seabass (Sea Bass)* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Order: Perciformes)
*Brindlebass (Epinephelus Lanceolatus) are unclean.
Seabream (Sea Bream)* (Family: Bramidae, Sebastidae, and Sparidae)
*Certain Sea Bream have been known to be carriers of a toxin in the fish’s organs that,
if consumed, causes Ichthyoallyeinotoxism – a rare food poisoning resulting in
upset stomach, vomiting, disturbed sleep, nightmares, and hallucinations.
Avoid eating the internal organs of this fish, as with all fish.
Seachub (Family: Kyphosidae)
Seaperch (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Family: Embiotocidae,
Sabastidae, and Serrindae)
Seatrout (Sea Trout) (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Sand Seatrout
(Cynoscion Arenarius), Silver Sea Trout / Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion Nebulosus)
Sennet (Family: Sphyraenidae, Genus: Sphyraena)
Sergeant Fish (Centropomus Undecimalis)
Serrano (Family: Serranus)
Shad (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Dorosoma and Alosa)
Shark* Shark Mullet (Squalomugil Nasutus) and Chinese High-Fin Banded Shark (Myxocyprinus
Asiaticus) are called Shark, but not related to Shark, and are clean.
*Shark (Class Chondrichthyes; Subclass Elasmobranchii) are unclean.
Sheepshead (Archosargus Probatocephalus)
Shipjack** (Elops Saurus)
*Shipjack Shad (Alosa Chrysochloris) are clean.
*Shipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus Pelamis) are unclean.
Sicklefish* (Family: Drepaneidae)
*Sicklefish Grouper (Dermatolepis Inermis) are unclean.
Silver Dollar (Family: Serrasalmidae, Genus: Metynnis)
Silverside* (Order: Atheriniformes)
*Silverside should not be consumed whole.
Spipefish (Spipe Fish) (Order: Beloniformes, Family: Hemiramphidae)
Smelt* (Family: Osmeridae)
*Smelt are often sold as ‘Dried Smelt,’ and are consumed whole-head, guts, tail, and all.
Smelt should not be consumed whole.
Snapper* (Family: Lutjanidae and Family: Pomatomidae)
*Chinamanfish (Symphorus Nematophorus), a species of Snapper, have been implicated in
cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
*Australia has banned the sale of Chinamanfish.
Snook (Centropomus Undecimalis)
Spadefish (Family: Ephippidae, Genus: Chaetodipterus)
Soldierfish (Family: Holocentridae, Subfamily: Myripristinae)
Spearing* (Menidia Menidia)
*Spearing are commonly used as bait fish and are sometimes consumed whole-head,
guts, tail, and all. Spearing should not be consumed whole.
Spiderfish (Family: Ipnopidae, Genus: Bathypterois)
Splittail* (Family: Cyprinidae; Genus: Pogonichthys)
*Clear Lake Splittail (Pogonichthys Ciscoides) was declared extinct in the mid-1970’s.
Spot (Leiostomus Xanthurus)
Sprat (Family: Clupeidae, Genus: Sprattus)
Squeteague (Cynoscion Regalis)
Squawfish (Ptychocheilus Oregonensis)
Squirrelfish (Family: Holocentridae, Subfamily: Holocentrinae)
Spadefish (Family: Ephippidae)
Suckerfish* (Family: Catostomidae)
*Suckerfish (Beafortia Kweichowensis, Family: Echeneidae and Loricariidae) are
unclean.
Sunfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Centrarchidae and Lapridae)
*Sunfish (Cetorhinus Maximus, Family: Lampridae and Molidae) are unclean.
Surfpech (Family: Embiotocidae)
Surgeonfish* (Family: Acanthuridae)
*Surgeonfish are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Surmullet (Mullus Surmuletus)
Swordtail (Family: Poeciliidae, Genus: Xiphophorus)
Tang* (Family: Acanthuridae)
*Tang are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Tarpon (Family: Megalopidae, Genus: Megalops)
Tastyfish* (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois)
*Tastyfish have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Tautog (Tautoga Onitis)
Tench (Tinca Tinca)
Temperate Bass (Family: Moronidae)
Temperate Perch (Family: Percichthyidae)
Tenpounder (Elops Machnata and Elops Saurus)
Thornyhead (Family: Sebastidae, Genus: Sebastolobus)
Threadfin* (Family: Polynemidae)
*Indian Threadfin (Alectis Indica) are unclean.
Tigerfish (Family: Alestidae, Genus: Hydrocynus)
Tilapia (Family: Cichlidae)
Toctoc (Haemulon Aurolineatum)
Tomcod* Atlantic Tomcod (Microgadus Tomcod) and Pacific Tomcod (Microgadus Proximus)
*Atlantic Tomcod (Microgadus Tomcod) are resistant to toxic pollutants and store these
toxins in their fat cells.
Tomtate (Haemulon Aurolineatum)
Toothcarp* (Family: Cyprinodontidae)
*Toothcarp are small fish, typically sold for aquariums, and are not commonly eaten.
Toothfish (Family: Nototheniidae, Genus: Diddostichus)
Treefish* (Sebastes Serriceps)
*Treefish have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Tripletail Atlantic Tripletail (Lobotes Surinamensis) and Tripletail Wrasse (Cheilinus Trilobatus)
Tripodfish (Tripod Fish)* (Family: Ipnopidae)
*Tripodfish (Family: Triacanthidae) are unclean.
Trout* (Family: Salmonidae)
*Swamp Trout (Amia Calva) are unclean.
Tullibee (Coregonus Artedi)
Turkeyfish* (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois)
*Turkeyfish have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.
Tuskfish (Family: Labridae, Genus: Choerodon)
Unicornfish (Unicorn)* (Family: Acanthuridae)
*Unicornfish are small fish that are not commonly eaten.
Walleye* Walleye Pollock (Gadus Chalcogrammus) and Yellow Walleye (Sander Vitreus)
*Blue Walleye (Sander Vitreus Vitreus) was declared extinct in 1983.
Warmouth (Lepomis Gulosus)
Weakfish (Cynoscion Regalis)
Wenchman (Family: Lutjanidae)
Whipnose (Family: Gigantactinidae, Genus: Gigantactis)
Whitefish (White Fish)* applied to several species of fish including: (Coregonus Clupeaformis,
Coregonus Huntsmani, Coregonus Lavaretus, Gadus Morhua, Pseudobarbus Capensis, and
Rutilus Kutum).
*Whitefish (Callorhinchus Milii, Caulolatilus Princeps, Delphinapterus Leucas, Huso Huso,
Hydrolagus Ogilbyi, Scomberoides Lysan, and Family: Pleuronectidae, Genus:
Hippoglossus) are unclean.
Whiting* (Merlangius Merlangius and Menticirrus Americanus)
*Halibut (Family: Pleuronectidae, Genus: Hippoglossus) is called Whiting and is unclean.
Wrasse (Family: Labridae)
Zebrafish (Zebra Fish)* (Danio Rerio)
*Zebrafish have venomous fin spines, but no associated venom gland.

UNCLEAN FISH
Alewife (Alosa Pseudoharengus)
Alligatorfish* (Aspidophoroides Monopterygius)
*Alligator Gar (Atractosteus Spatula), Alligator (Family: Alligatoridae) semiaquatic
reptiles, and Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys Temminckii) semiaquatic reptiles
are unclean.
Anglerfish (Order: Lophiliiformes)
Ankoh (Family: Lophiidae, Genus: Lophius)
Arapaima (Family: Arapaimidae, Genus: Arapaima)
Assfish (Boney-Eared Assfish) (Acanthonus Armatus)
Baloonfish (Order: Tetraodontiformes)
Barbeled Dragonfish (Family: Stomiidae)
Basa (Basa Fish) (Pangasius Bocourti)
Beltfish (Family: Trichiuridae, Genus: Lepidopus and Trichiurus)
Bigeye* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: Bigeye Jack (Caranx
Sexfasciatus), Bigeye Lightfish (Woodsia Nonsuchae), Bigeye Trevalle (Caranx Latus and
Caranx Sexfasciatus), and Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus)
*Bigeye (Family: Priacanthidae) are clean.
Billfish (Common Name) applied to a group of apex predatory fish characterized with prominent bills
including: (Order: Istiophoriformes)
Black Salmon** (Rachycentron Canadum)
*Rock Salmon, a shark cuisine dish served in Britain, is unclean.
*Salmon (Family: Gonorynchidae and Salmonidae) are clean.
Black Swallower (Chiasmodon Niger)
Blenny (Order: Blennyiiformes, Cichliformes, and Perciformes)
Blowfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Order: Tetraodontiformes)
*Blowfish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and
sometimes their skin.
Bocourti (Pangasius Bocourti)
Bombay Duck (Harpadon Nehereus)
Bonito* (Family: Scombridae)
*Black Bonito (Rachycentron Canadum) are unclean.
Boxfish (Family: Ostraciidae)
Brill* (Scophthalmus Rhombus)
*Brill harbor various parasites including Tapeworms.
Brismak (Brosme Brosme)
Bullhead* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Family: Actinopterygii,
Agonidae, Bagridae, Claroteidae, Cottidae, Ictaluridae, Tripterygiidae)
*Bullhead Minnow (Pimephales Vigilax) are clean.
Bummalo (Bumalo) (Harpadon Nehereus)
Bumper (Family Carangidae, Genus Chloroscombrus)
Burbot (Lota Lota)
Cabezon (Scorpaenichthys Marmoratus)
Cabio (Rachycentron Canadum)
Catfish* (Order: Nematognathi / Suliformes)
*Many Catfish have venomous stinger barbs embedded behind their fins and some
contain extremely toxic venoms that can be deadly to humans.
Cavalli* (Caranx Hippos)
*Cavalli have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Caviar (Fish Eggs, Roe)** Unclean Caviar is from unclean fish and is typically colored black or gray.
(e.g.: Beluga, Kaluga, Ossetra, Sterlet, and Sturgeon)
*Clean Caviar is from clean fish, but is contaminated and made unclean when it is dyed
with squid ink to blacken its color. (eg.: Black Capelin Caviar or Black Herring Caviar)
*Clean Caviar is from clean fish and is typically colored gold, orange, or red.
(e.g.: Capelin, Herring, Mullet, Salmon, Trout, and Whitefish)
Chimaera (Order: Chimaeriformes)
Cobbler (Cnidoglanis Microcephalus)
Cobia (Rachycentron Canadum)
Cod (Codling)** (Common Name) applied to applied to several species of fish including: Freshwater /
River Cod and Lingcod (Family: Lotidae), Buffalo Cod / Cutlass Cod / Ling Cod (Ophiodon
Elongatus), Coral Cod / Reef Cod / Rock Cod (Lotella Rhacina), Eel Cod (Family:
Muraenolepididae), Potato Cod (Epinephelus Tukula), and Red Rock Cod (Scorpaena
Papillosa)
*Cod and related species are plagued by numerous parasites including Acanthocephalans,
Cestodes, Copepods, Digeneans, Monogeneans, Myxozoans, Nematodes, and Protozoans.
*Many species of Cod have thick mucus covering their scales.
*Winter Cod (Microgadus Tomcod) are resistant to toxic pollutants and store these toxins
in their fat cells.
*Cod (Family: Butidae, Euclichthyidae, Gadidae, Moridae, Nototheniidae, Percichthyidae),
Butterfly-Cod (Family: Scorpaenidae, Genus: Pterois), and Idiot Cod (Family: Sebastidae,
Genus: Sebastolobus) are clean. Haddock (Melanogrammus Aeglefinus) and Whiting
(Merlangius Merlangius) are sometimes sold as Cod and are clean.
Choupique (Amia Calva)
Cofferfish (Family: Ostraciidae)
Coelacanth* (Order: Coelacanthiformes)
*Coelacanth have high amounts of oil, urea, wax esters, and other compounds within its
flesh, which the human digestive system cannot digest. Consumption of Coelacanth can
cause the sickness known as keriorrhea, which turns a person’s stool orange. Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and/or headache – all of which can be pretty
dramatic – can occur within a few hours of eating the fish and can last up to 24 to 48
hours.
Coney-Fish (Lota Lota)
Conger (Family: Congridae)
Constellationfish (Family: Sternoptychidae)
Cowfish (Cow Fish) (Family: Ostraciidae)
Crab Eater (Rachycentron Canadum)
*Crab (Infraorder: Brachyura) crustaceans are unclean.
Crevalle Jack* (Caranx Hippos)
*Crevalle Jack have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Crocodile Icefish (Family: Channichthyidae)
Crocodile Needlefish* (Tylosurus Crocodilus)
*Crocodile (Family: Crocodylidae) semiaquatic reptiles are unclean.
Cusk (Family: Lotidae)
Cutlassfish (Family: Trichiuridae)
Dab* (Family: Pleuronectidae)
*Dab harbor various parasites including Nematodes.
Dartfish (Family: Microdesmidae)
Dogfish (Amia Calva, Scyliorhinus Stellaris, and Family: Squalidae)
Dolphin* (Order: Artiodactyla, Infraorder: Cetacea) aquatic marine mammals.
*Dolphinfish (Family: Coryphaenidae, Genus: Coryphaena) are clean.
Donkey Fish (Dermatolepis Inermis)
Dory (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Cyttidae, Oreosamitidae,
Prazenidae, Zeidae, Zenionidae, and Zeniontidae)
Dragnet (Family: Callionymidae)
Dragonfish (Dragon Fish)* (Family: Pegasidae and Stomiidae)
*Dragonfish (Polypterus Senegalus and Scleropages Formosus) are clean.
Eel (Order: Anguilliformes)
Eelpout (Family: Zoarcidae)
Elephantfish (Elephant Fish) (Family: Callorhinchidae and Mormyridae)
Escolar* (Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum)
*Escolar contains oils within its flesh called wax-esters, which the human digestive system
cannot digest. Consumption of Escolar can cause the sickness known as keriorrhea or
steatorrhea, caused by gempylotoxism or gempylid fish poisoning, which turns a
person’s stool orange. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and/or headache
– all of which can be pretty dramatic – can occur within a few hours of eating the fish
and can last up to 24 to 48 hours.
*Escolar is sometimes fraudulently sold as White Tuna.
*Italy and Japan have banned the sale of Escolar.
Fangtooth (Family: Anoplogastridae / Anoplogasteridae, Genus: Anoplogaster)
Filefish (Family: Monacanthidae)
Fishing-Frog (Family: Lophiidae, Genus: Lophius)
Flatfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: Flounder, Fluke, Halibut,
Plaice, Sole, and Turbot (Order: Pleuronectiformes / Heterosomatta)
*Flatfish harbor various parasites throughout their bodies including: Acanthocephalans,
Cestodes, Cod Worms, Copepods, Myxosporia, Nematodes, Myxosporia, Nerocila,
Protozoans, Roundworms, Tapeworms, and Trematodes.
Flatheads (Family: Platycephalidae)
Flounder* (Order: Pleuronectiformes / Heterosomatta, Family: Achiropsettidae, Bothidae,
Paralichthyidae, Pleuronectidae, and Samaridae)
*Flounder harbor various parasites throughout their bodies including: Acanthocephalans,
Cestodes, Cod Worms, Copepods, Myxosporia, Nematodes, Myxosporia, Nerocila,
Protozoans, Roundworms, Tapeworms, and Trematodes.
*Olive Flounder (Paralichthys Olivaceus), infected with Mykozoan (Kudoa Septemlineata)
parasites, have been implicated in cases of gastroenteritis food poisoning.
Fluke* (Paralichthys Dentatus)
*Fluke harbor various parasites throughout their bodies including: Acanthocephalans,
Cestodes, Copepods, Protozoans, and Trematodes.
Foolfish (Family: Monacanthidae)
Frogfish (Frog-Fish) (Order: Lophiiphormes)
Frostfish* (Family: Trichiuridae)
*Frostfish (Microgadus Tomcod) are clean.
Fugu* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Tetraodontidae)
*Fugu contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and
sometimes their skin.
Gar (Family: Lepisosteidae)
Garfish (Garpike) (Belone Belone)
Globefish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Order: Tetraodontiformes)
*Globefish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and
sometimes their skin.
Goby* (Family: Gobiidae and Oxudercidae)
Goosefish (Family: Lophiidae)
Graysby (Cephalopholis Cruentata)
Greenling (Family: Hexagrammidae)
Griddle (Grinnel) (Amia Calva)
Grouper** (Family: Serranidae, Subfamily: Epinephelinae)
*Coral Cod, Potato Cod, and Vermilion Rock Cod are Grouper fish (Family: Serranidae)
misclassified as Cod fish and are unclean.
*Grouper harbor various parasites including: Cestodes, Copepods,
Flatworms, Isopods, Monogeneans,
and Nematodes.
*Grouper are commonly reported as a source of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
*Black Sea Bass is classified as a Grouper fish and is clean.
Grunt Sculpin (Grunt-Fish)** (Rhamphocottus Richardsonii)
*Grunt Porkfish (Anisotremus Taeniatus and Anisotremus Virginicus) are unclean.
*Grunt (Family: Haemulidae) are clean.
Guavina (Family: Eleotridae, Genus: Guavina)
Guitarfish (Family: Rhinobatidae)
Gurnard (Family: Triglidae)
Haddock (Jerusalem Haddock)* (Family: Lampridae, Genus: Lampris)
*Haddock (Melanogrammus Aeglefinus) are clean.
Hagfish (Family: Myxinidae)
Halibut* (Paralichthys Olivaceus) and (Family: Pleuronectidae, Genus: Hippoglossus)
*Bastard / Japanese Halibut (Paralichthys Olivaceus), infected with Mykozoan parasites, have been implicated in cases of gastroenteritis food
poisoning.
Hairtail (Family: Trichiuridae)
Hairyfish (Mirapinna Esau)
Hatchetfish (Family: Gasteropelecidae, Sternoptychidae, and Triporthidae)
Hooknose (Agonus Cataphractus)
Houndfish (Tylosurus Crocodilus)
Hind* (Family Serranidae, Genus Epinephelus)
*Hind have been implicated in cases of
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Horse Mackerel (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Carangidae)
Icefish* (Family: Channichthyidae and Salangidae)
*Cod Icefish (Family: Nototheniidae) are clean.
Jack** (Family: Carangidae)
*Jack have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
*Amberjack (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Seriola) are clean.
Jack Mackerel (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Trachurus)
Jack Crevalle* (Caranx Hippos)
*Jack Crevalle have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Janitor Fish (Family: Loricariidae, Genus: Pterygoplichthys)
Javelin Fish (Lepidorhynchus Denticulatus)
Jellyfish (Phylum: Snidaria, Subphylum: Medusozoa) are non-fish aquatic gelatinous animals.
Jewfish* (Epinephelus Itajara and Tandanus Tandanus)
*Jewfish (Glaucosoma Hebraicum) are clean.
John Dory (Zeus Faber)
Kingfish* (Common Name) applied to applied to several species of fish including: Black Kingfish
(Rachycentron Canadum), Bluefin Kingfish (Caranx Melampygus), Giant Kingfish (Caranx
Ignobilis), Golden Kingfish (Gnathanodon Speciosus), Kingfish (Family: Lampridae, Genus:
Lamprus), and King Mackerel (Scomberomorus Cavalla) are unclean.
*Northern Kingfish (Menticirrhus Saxatilis) and Southern Kingfish (Menticirrhus
Americanus) are clean.
Knifefish (Order: Gymnotiforms)
Lamprey (Order: Petromyzontiformes)
Largehead Largehead Conger (Bathycongrus Varidens) and Largehead Hairtail (Trichiurus Lepturus)
Lawyer (Lota Lota)
Leatherjacket (Leather Jack) (Oligoplites Saurus and Family: Monacanthidae)
Leatherskin (Scomberoides Lysan)
Lemonfish (Rachycentron Canadum)
Lightfish (Family: Sternoptychidae)
Ling (Family: Lotidae, Genus Molva)
Lingcod (Ling Cod) (Lota Lota and Ophiodon Elongatus)
Lizardfish (Family: Synodontidae)
Loach (Acantopsis Dialuzona)
Long Tom (Family: Belonidae)
Lookdown (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Selene)
Lumpfish (Lumpsucker) (Family: Cyclopteridae)
Lungfish (Subclass: Dipnoi, Order: Ceretodontiformes and Lepidosireniformes)
Mackerel** (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Scombridae)
*Horse and Jack Mackerel (Family: Carangidae), Mackerel Scad (Decapterus Macarellus), and
Snake Mackerel (Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum) are unclean.
*Mackerel Pike (Family: Scomberesocidae) are clean.
Mariah (Lota Lota)
Marlin (Family: Istiophoridae)
Mexican Sierra (Scomberomorus Sierra)
Midshipman Fish (Family: Batrachoididae, Genus: Porichthys)
Mirror Dory (Zenopsis Nebulosa)
Mola* (Family: Molidae, Genus: Mola)
*Mola contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs.
*The European Union has banned the sale of Mola, because of toxins in the fish
that are harmful to human health.
Monkeyface Prickleback (Cebidichthys Violaceus)
Monkfish (Monk Fish) (Family: Lophiidae, Genus: Lophius)
Moonfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Carangidae, Lampridae,
Lotidae, Menidae, and Monodactylidae)
*Moonfish (Family: Ephippidae and Poeciliidae) are clean.
Mosquitofish (Mosquito Fish) (Gambusia Affinis)
Mudfish (Mud Pike) (Amia Calva)
Mudskipper (Family: Oxudercidae)
Mutton Hamlet* (Family: Serranidae)
*Mutton Snapper (Lutjanus Analis) are clean.
Needlefish (Family: Belonidae)
Northern Snakehead* (Channa Argus)
*The Virginia Department of Inland Game and Fisheries state that Northern Snakehead
fish harbor parasites and carry a disease called Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome and that
the Northern Snakehead’s parasites and disease can be transmitted to humans.
Nursehound (Scyliorhinus Stellaris)
Oarfish (Family: Regalecidae, Genus: Agrostichthys and Regalecus)
Ocean Pout (Zoarces Americanus)
Ocean Sunfish** (Mola Mola)
*Ocean Sunfish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs.
*The European Union has banned the sale of Ocean Sunfish, because of toxins in the fish
that are harmful to human health.
*Sunfish (Family: Centrarchidae and Lapridae) are clean.
Oilfish* (Ruvettus Pretiosus and Family: Comephoridae)
*Oilfish (Ruvettus Pretiosus) contains oils within its flesh called wax-esters, which the
human digestive system cannot digest. Consumption of Oilfish (Ruvettus Pretiosus) can
cause the sickness known as keriorrhea or steatorrhea, caused by gempylotoxism or
gempylid fish poisoning, which turns a person’s stool orange. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal cramps and/or headache – all of which can be pretty dramatic – can occur
within a few hours of eating the fish and can last up to 24 to 48 hours.
*Italy and Japan have banned the sale of Oilfish (Ruvettus Pretiosus).
Opah (Family: Lampridae, Genus: Lampris)
Ōpelu (Decapterus Marcarellus)
Orange Roughy* (Hoplostethus Atlanticus)
*The FDA has issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women, nursing mothers,
and children limit their intake of Orange Roughy and other apex predatory fish, because
of their high mercury content.
Oreo (Family: Oreosomatidae)
Pacific Saury (Cololabis Saira)
Pacific Sierra (Scomberomorus Sierra)
Paddlefish (Family: Polyodontidae)
Paiche (Family: Arapaimidae, Genus: Arapaima)
Palometa* (Family Carangidae and Serrasalmidae)
*Palometa fish have been implicated in cases of ciguatera food poisoning.
Pearlside (Family: Sternoptychidae)
Peter’s Fish (Zeus Faber)
Pigfish* (Family: Cogiopodidae)
*Pigfish (Bodianus Unimaculatus and Orthopristis Chrysoptera) are clean.
Pineapple Fish (Cleidopus Gloriamaris)
Pineconefish (Family: Monocentridae, Genus: Cleidopus and Monocentris)
Pipefish (Order: Syngnathiformes, Family: Syngnathinae)
Pirarucu (Arapaima Gigas)
Plaice* (Family: Pleuronectidae)
*Plaice harbor various parasites including Nematodes.
Poacher (Family: Agonidae)
Pogge (Agonus Cataphractus)
Porcupinefish* (Family: Diodontidae)
*Porcupinefish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs
and sometimes their skin.
Porpoise (Family: Phocoenidae) aquatic marine mammals.
Porkfish* (Anisotremus Taeniatus and Anisotremus Virginicus)
*Porkfish have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
Prickleback (Family: Stichaeidae)
Prodigal Son (Rachycentron Canadum)
Prowfish (Family: Pataecidae)
Puffer Fish (Puffer)* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Tetraodontidae)
*Puffer Fish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and
sometimes their skin.
Queenfish* (Scomberoides Lysan)
*Queenfish (Seriphus Politus) are clean.
Rabbit Fish (Order: Chimaeriformes)
Racehorse (Family: Congiopodidae)
Ratfish (Rat Fish)* (Family: Chimaeridae, Genus: Hydrolagus)
*Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus Colliei) contain a toxin in their dorsal fin spines.
Redfish* (Family: Trachichthyidae)
*Redfish (Family: Berycidae, Lutjanidae, Salmonidae, Sciaenidae, and Sebastidae) are
clean.
Red Irish Lord (Hemilepidotus Hemilepidotus)
Remora (Family: Echeneidae)
Rockhead (Bothragonus Swanii)
Rockhind (Dermatolepis Inermis)
Roe (Caviar, Fish Eggs)** Unclean Roe is from unclean fish and is typically colored black or gray.
(e.g.: Beluga, Kaluga, Ossetra, Sterlet, and Sturgeon)
*Clean Roe is from clean fish, but is contaminated and made unclean when it is dyed with squid ink to blacken its color.
(eg.: Black Capelin Caviar or Black Herring Caviar)
*Clean Roe is from clean fish and is typically colored gold, orange, or red.
(e.g.: Capelin, Herring, Mullet, Salmon, Trout, and Whitefish)
Roughy (Family: Trachichthyidae)
Ribbonfish (Family: Trachipteridae)
Rock Salmon* (a shark dish served in Britain aka: Rock Eel, Flack, Huss, and Sweet William)
*Salmon (Family Gonorynchidae and Salmonidae) are clean.
Sabertooth (Sabertooth Fish) (Family: Evermannellidae)
Sailfin* (Arctoscopus Japonicus and Family: Loricariidae, Genus: Pterygoplichthys)
*Sailfin (Parexocoetus Brachypterus, Poecilia Latipinna, and Zebrasoma Veliferum) are
clean.
Sailfish (Family: Istiophoridae, Genus: Istiophorus)
Saint Pierre (St. Pierre) (Zeus Faber)
Salmon (Black, Rock)* Black Salmon (Rachycentron Canadum) and Rock Salmon, a shark cuisine dish served in Britain.
*Salmon (Family: Gonorynchidae and Salmonidae) are clean.
Sand Eel (Family: Ammodytidae)
Sandfish (Sand Fish)* (Awaous Tajasica and Family: Trichodontidae)
*Belted Sandfish (Serranus Subligarius), Clanwilliam Sandfish (Labeo Seeberi), and Sandfish (Family: Gonorynchidae and Leptoscopidae) are clean.
Sandlance (Sand Lance) (Family: Ammodytidae)
Saurel (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Trachurus)
Saury (Family: Scomberesocidae, Genus: Cololabis and Scomberesox)
Sawfish (Family: Pristidae, Genus: Anoxypristis and Pristis)
Sawshark (Saw Shark) (Family: Pristiophoridae, Genus: Pliotrema and Pristiophorus)
Scabbardfish (Family: Trichiuridae)
Scad (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Carangidae)
Scorpionfish (Family: Scorpaenidae)
Sculpin (Order: Scorpaeniformes)
Seadevil (Sea Devil) (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in (Family: Ceratiidae, Lophiidae, Melanocetidae, Mobulidae, and Myliobatidae)
Seadragon (Family: Syngnathidae, Genus: Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx)
Seahorse (Family: Syngnathidae, Genus: Hippocampus)
Searaven (Sea Raven) (Family: Hemitripteridae)
Searobin (Sea Robin) (Family: Triglidae)
Sea Squab (Family: Tetraodontidae)
Seaweed (Common Name) applied to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae
(Domain: Eukaryota)
Seer Fish (Seerfish) (Family: Scombridae)
Shark* (Class Chondrichthyes; Subclass Elasmobranchii)
*Shark Mullet (Squalomugil Nasutus) and Chinese High-Fin Banded Shark (Myxocyprinus
Asiaticus) are called Shark, but not related to Shark, and are clean.
Shellfish* (Common Name) applied to exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates, including various species of crustaceans, echinoderms, and mollusks.
(Eg: Clam, Crab, Crawfish, Crayfish, Krill, Lobster, Mussel, Oyster, Scallop, Shrimp)
*Shellfish have been implicated in cases of Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Diarrheal
Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP), and Paralytic Shellfish
Poisoning (PSP).
Shingle (Family: Monacanthidae)
Sierra (Scomberomorus Sierra)
Skate (Order: Rajiformes)
Skilfish (Erilepis Zonifer)
Skinnyfish (Skinny Fish) (Scomberoides Lysan)
Sleeper (Sleeper Goby) (Family: Eliotridae, Genus: Gobiidae)
Slimehead (Family: Trachichthyidae)
Snailfish (Sea Snail)* (Family: Liparidae, Genus: Liparis)
*Sea Snail (Class: Gastropoda) marine Gastropod Molluscs are unclean.
Snakehead* (Family: Channidae)
*The Virginia Department of Inland Game and Fisheries state that Snakehead fish harbor
parasites and carry a disease called Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome and that the
Snakehead’s parasites and disease can be transmitted to humans.
Sole* (Family: Pleuronectidae and Soleidae)
*Sole harbor various parasites including Nematodes.
Spearfish (Family: Istiophoridae)
Spookfish (Order: Chimaeriformes)
Starfish (Sea Stars) (Common Name) applied to several species of marine invertebrate echinoderms
in (Class: Asteroidea and Ophiuroids)
Starsnout (Family: Agonidae Genus: Bathyagonus)
Stonefish (Family: Synanceiidae, Genus: Synanceia)
Stoplight Loosejaw (Family: Stomiidae, Genus: Malacosteus)
Stickleback (Family: Gasterosteidae)
Sturgeon (Family: Acipenseridae)
Suckerfish* (Beafortia Kweichowensis, Family: Echeneidae and Loricariidae)
*Suckerfish (Family: Catostomidae) are clean.
Sunfish (Sun-Fish)* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including (Cetorhinus
Maximus, Family: Lampridae and Molidae)
*Sunfish (Lepomis Auritus and Family: Centrarchidae) are clean.
Swai (Pangasius Bocourti)
Swellfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Tetraodontidae)
*Swellfish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs and
sometimes their skin.
Swordfish (Family: Xiphiidae)
Threadfish (Family: Carangidae, Genus: Alectis)
Tilefish* (Family: Malancanthidae)
*The FDA has issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women, nursing mothers,
and children limit their intake of Tilefish from the Gulf of Mexico and other apex
predatory fish, because of their high mercury content.
Toadfish* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish in: (Family: Batrachoididae,
Psychrolutidae, and Tetraodontidae)
*Toadfish (Family: Tetraodontidae) contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in
their internal organs and sometimes their skin.
Trevally* (Order: Carangiformes, Family: Carangidae)
*Trevally have been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
*Trevally harbor various parasites including: Acanthocephalans, Copepodes, Digeneans,
Isopodes, Monogeneans, and Nematodes.
Triggerfish* (Family: Balistidae)
*Giant / Moustache / Titan Triggerfish (Balistoides Viridescens) and other Triggerfish have
been implicated in cases of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP).
*Triggerfish contain a concentrated neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin in their internal organs.
*The European Union has banned the sale of Triggerfish.
Tripodfish (Tripod Fish)* (Family: Triacanthidae)
*Tripodfish (Family: Ipnopidae) are clean.
Triplefin (Trianectes Bucephalus)
Triplespine (Family: Triacanthidae)
Trout (Swamp Trout)* (Amia Calva)
*Trout (Family: Salmonidae) are clean.
Trunkfish (Family: Ostraciidae)
Tuna (Tuna Fish, Tuny)* (Family: Scombridae)
*The FDA has issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women, nursing mothers,
and children limit their intake of Tuna and other apex predatory fish, because of their
high mercury content.
*Escolar (Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum) is sometimes sold as White Tuna and is unclean.
Turbot* (Family: Scophthalmidae, Genus: Scophthalmus)
*Turbot harbor various parasites including: Acanthocephalans and Tapeworms.
Tusk (Torsk) (Brosme Brosme)
Ulua (Caranx Ignobilis)
Velvetfish* (Family: Aploactinidae)
*Some Velvetfish have venomous fin spines.
Viperfish (Family: Stomiidae, Genus: Chauliodus)
Wahoo (Acanthocybium Solandri)
Walu Walu* (Lepidocybium Flavobrunneum)
*Walu Walu contains oils within its flesh called wax-esters, which the human digestive
system cannot digest. Consumption of Walu Walu can cause the sickness known as
keriorrhea or steatorrhea, caused by gempylotoxism or gempylid fish poisoning, which
turns a person’s stool orange. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps and/or
headache – all of which can be pretty dramatic – can occur within a few hours of eating
the fish and can last up to 24 to 48 hours.
*Italy and Japan have banned the sale of Walu Walu.
Waspfish* (Family: Tetrarogidae)
*Waspfish have venomous fin spines.
Weeverfish (Weever, Weever Fish)* (Family: Trachinidae)
*Weeverfish are sometimes used as an ingredient for a cuisine dish: Bouillabaisse.
*Weeverfish have venomous fin spines and gills.
Whale (Infraorder: Cetacea) aquatic marine mammals.
Whalefish (Family: Barbourisiidae, Centomimidae, and Rondeletiidae)
White-Blooded Fish (Family: Channichthyidae)
Whitefish (White Fish)* (Common Name) applied to several species of fish including: (Callorhinchus
Milii, Caulolatilus Princeps, Delphinapterus Leucas, Huso Huso, Hydrolagus Ogilbyi,
Scomberoides Lysan, and Family: Pleuronectidae, Genus: Hippoglossus)
*Whitefish (Coregonus Clupeaformis, Coregonus Huntsmani, Coregonus Lavaretus,
Gadus Morhua, Pseudobarbus Capensis, and Rutilus Kutum) are clean.
Wolffish (Wolf Fish) (Family: Anarhichadidae, Genera: Anarhichas and Anarrhichthys)

DIET AND HEALTH

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